Explaining a Huge Inflationary Jump in Disposable Personal Income

Tax data from the BEA, chart by Mish. 

Credit for the above chart goes to Bob Elliott

2022 vs 2023 Federal Tax Rates

 Anything Else? Yes!

Minimum Wage in States with Increases in 2023

State Minimum Wage Increases

  • 27 states raise minimum wages this year. 
  • 23 of them did so in January. 
  • Connecticut and Nevada increase their minimum wage on July 1 as shown above.
  • Oregon has an increase on July 1, indexed to inflation at a rate based on the CPI.
  • Florida has a minimum wage hike on September 30.

Minimum Wage Percentage Increases

Theory and Practice

Those are huge percentage hikes, at least in theory. In practice, is anyone really paying the low rates in the first chart?

Regardless, it’s important to understand that these minimum wage rates put constant upward pressure on companies. 

People will think the minimum wage went up so my pay should rise too. 

To reflect the jump in Disposable Personal Income, I added another line to my personal income chart.

Personal Income Six Ways Billions of Dollars

Disposable personal income is income after taxes. Since the tax rate went down, income went up.

Personal Income Percent Change From Previous Month

I added a new line to that chart as well, Real Personal Income.

Real (inflation adjusted) personal income dropped slightly in January. The BEA rounded to one decimal place reported no change. 

Real DPI jumped 1.39 percent. Nominal DPI was up an even larger 2.02 percent. 

The PCE price index rose 0.63 percent which the BEA rounded to 0.6 percent accounting for slight differences in my charts vs BEA reporting.  

Net Result, Sticky Inflation

There is not going to be any increase in productivity from this. It’s just more money in people’s pockets supporting consumption. 

Regarding wages, either corporate profits sink, or prices go up. And wage increases will be sticky even if the Fed manages to tame housing inflation. 

What About Demographics?

Demographically Sobering Thoughts on US Employment in the Next Five Years

I strongly suspect most of the recent job growth is part time. Boomer retirements due to age demographics are accelerating.

The number of people 65 and older is soaring while those 55 to 64 is plunging. The participation rate of those 65+ is 19.3 percent.

The participation rate of those 55-59 is 72.7 percent and those 60-64 is 58.5 percent.

This puts an increasing demand for more labor. 

Needing two part-time people to replace one as some workers flat out leave also puts positive pressure on the need for people.

Again, this is inflationary. 

More Rate Hikes Priced In

Given all of the above, it’s no wonder The Market Prices In Still More Fed Interest Rate Hikes

And Because of demographic forces, I do not envision a huge rise in the unemployment rate in the next recession.

For discussion of demographics, please see Demographically Sobering Thoughts on US Employment in the Next Five Years

The Fed is going to have a hard time to say the least.

This post originated at MishTalk.Com.

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xbizo
xbizo
1 year ago
Mish’s discussion points out that inflation is hitting demographics differently. Middle class is getting squeezed. Demographics also seem to be saying that we have ten more years of labor force shrinkage. So no way that the unemployment rate can be raised enough to slow demand.
Last year I thought 5.5% to 6.5% Fed Funds rate would be sufficient to slow things down. Not sure when and how long the Fed is willing to pause, but if 10 and 20-year rates don’t go up another 1%, I am thinking more like 7.5%+. it will be tough to fight the new money flowing into the system.
While rate increases slow demand down, expansion of supply is what we need to lower inflation. Reversal of globalization shrank supply and raises costs. It is the opposite of sending jobs to low cost countries, forcing our own wages down. Now it is forcing our wages up. We need a productivity miracle. Fed alone cannot handle this.
dtj
dtj
1 year ago
Trumps tax “reform” of 2017 changed the index that the IRS uses to adjust tax figures. The “chained CPI” figure. Chained CPI assumes if tuna gets too expensive, people will buy cat food to eat instead. If that gets too expensive (and it has) the substitution is tree bark and grass clippings which costs zero therefore the chained CPI is zero.
TheWindowCleaner
TheWindowCleaner
1 year ago
All of the erudition here is nothing more than Ptolemaic economics when Copernican economics is necessary. It’s economic “epicycles” that seems to make sense of the chaos and patches things up a little but never actually resolves any problems. Study Kuhn. We’re in an advanced state of an anomaly ridden paradigm. We must look for the new operant applied concept that wil resolve the sticky problems of the current paradigm and changes the basic nature of the pattern under analysis.
Lisa_Hooker
Lisa_Hooker
1 year ago
Nah, we now have String Theory economics.
You can’t see it, you can’t touch it. you can’t measure it.
Utilizing high-level mathematics you can demonstrate anything you want.
He who controls the indices controls our perception of the world.
Perception beats reality every time.
Salmo Trutta
Salmo Trutta
1 year ago

Just
look at Beveridge Curve (job openings rate vs. unemployment rate). See: “The Great Demographic
Reversal” by Charles Goodhart and Manoj Pradhan.

The budget impasse will likely have some unplanned tightening:
“Such swings in bill supply would not only
make the securities expensive relative to other instruments like overnight
index swaps, but also motivate investors that have access to the Federal
Reserve’s overnight reverse repurchase agreement facility to park more cash
there.”

Waller, Williams, and Logan seem to agree. They “believe the
Fed can keep unloading bonds even when officials cut interest rates at some
future date.”
link Daniel L. Thornton, Vice President and
Economic Adviser: Research Division, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, Working
Paper Series
“Monetary Policy: Why Money Matters and Interest
Rates Don’t”
The FED could stop inflation dead in its tracks.
But Powell thinks banks are intermediaries, lending savings to borrowers.
In 2010, the PBOC’s RRR went to 18.5% – “to
sterilize over-liquidity and get the money supply under control in order to
prevent inflation or over-heating”

The new money numbers are contractionary.
Tony Bennett
Tony Bennett
1 year ago
Reply to  Salmo Trutta
“The FED could stop inflation dead in its tracks.”
FWIW, I think they’ll succeed … the disinflation / deflation (accelerated after something “breaks” … and something WILL break) dead ahead (next 6 to 12 months) will catch most off guard.
Anyway, monetary policy works with lag … FOMC seems to consider:
“A large body of research tells us it can take 18 months to two years or more for tighter monetary policy to materially affect inflation”
8dots
8dots
1 year ago
Student loans : either 25% discount and $1.2T for 5%/6%, or Zombie $1.6T at zero rate for 20Y/25Y. Blame SCOTUS and the R for hitting the prime-ate workers. During the Gilded Age the supreme court ruled this land. BLM half time might cont, but SCOTUS run the game.
8.7% COLA minus medicare insurance increases and medicare drug plan increase…
KidHorn
KidHorn
1 year ago
Reply to  8dots
Just let borrowers discharge it in bankruptcy. The ones who can pay will continue to pay. The ones that can’t will no longer have to. Much better than blanket forgiveness.
TexasTim65
TexasTim65
1 year ago
Reply to  KidHorn
You realize that everyone who graduates college would immediately declare bankruptcy to discharge their loans. At that moment in time they have no job and no assets to seize so it’s a no-brainer to declare bankruptcy and discharge the loans.
Even if you put some sort of 5 year moratorium on it, then if I was a student I wouldn’t pay anything on my loans, spend 100% of my income on disposable stuff (iPhones, travel etc) and then declare in 5 years because again I’d have no assets to seize.
Lisa_Hooker
Lisa_Hooker
1 year ago
Reply to  TexasTim65
Well, there used to be the thing of no access to credit for 7 years.
But they’ve changed that.
TheWindowCleaner
TheWindowCleaner
1 year ago
Free market theory is a joke because it supposes chaos for freedom. A 50% Discount/Rebate policy at retail sale benefits both employee and employer, ends inflation forever and like all paradigm changes destroys orthodoxies, in this instance the quantity theory of money. BZZZZT! Okay, back to the matrix.
Lisa_Hooker
Lisa_Hooker
1 year ago
I prefer a 115% discount instead.
You get the stuff for free and a little bit of jingle in the pocket for unexpected incidentals.
Makes as much sense and would be just as workable.
TheWindowCleaner
TheWindowCleaner
1 year ago
Reply to  Lisa_Hooker
Not really. If you actually made purchasing/consumption a profit making experience for the individual you’d lose the ability to limit consumption, even with taxation. That and you’d have out of control excessive consumption which is not ecologically sane.
KidHorn
KidHorn
1 year ago
This will encourage more companies to automate menial tasks. So in the future people will be swapping minimum wage job income for increased government support.
Lisa_Hooker
Lisa_Hooker
1 year ago
Reply to  KidHorn
Yes, it will encourage Democrats to create menial jobs for the aforesaid reason.
Tony Bennett
Tony Bennett
1 year ago
“Regarding wages, either corporate profits sink, or prices go up. And wage increases will be sticky even if the Fed manages to tame housing inflation.”
We’ll see.
I think we’ll see significant job losses in this recession as corporate bottom line comes under siege. Let go high wage earners and then hire back at lower wage when recession dust settles.
No way Big Tech the only industry with a lot of fluff (Twitter let go 75% of workforce and rolling along fine. A few months ago many were predicting its imminent demise).
Tony Bennett
Tony Bennett
1 year ago
Weather played a role … especially in a month when January seasonal adjustments large.
Nice weather + less $$s spent on heat = consumption bump.
Anyway, another factor not mentioned. IRS refunds.
IRS hired 4K new workers in 2022 to speed up processing returns.
Hence, refunds well ahead of last year (though average refund down).

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