Productivity Growth Poised to Recover? Will Workers Benefit?

Inquiring minds are diving into a the McKinsey study on Solving the Productivity Puzzle.

While there are many schools of thought, we find three waves collided to produce a productivity-weak but job-rich recovery, with productivity growth falling on average to 0.5 percent in the 2010–14 period compared to 2.4 percent a decade earlier.

These three waves are: the waning of a productivity boom that began in the 1990s, financial crisis after effects including persistent weak demand and uncertainty, and digitization. The third wave, digitization, is fundamentally different from the first two because it contains the promise of significant productivity-boosting opportunities, yet the benefits have not materialized at scale. This is due to adoption barriers, lags, and transition costs such as the cannibalization of incumbent revenues.

US vs Average Productivity

Germany vs Average Productivity

The charts of Italy, France, and Germany look the same. WWI and WW2 are heavy influences. Having a war fought in your country is not a boon to productivity.

Three Waves

Wave 1 is the declining impact of the internet revolution. Wave 2 represents the aftermath of the great financial crisis. McKinsey claims wave three will be digitization-related productivity boom.

McKinsey claims “weak demand” dampened current productivity growth. There is not weak demand and rising credit card debt proves it.

Homes sales are weak, not because of lack of demand but because they are not affordable. The study did not mention the role of the Fed as a reason.

The study states the “Rise of Amazon and the wave of digital disruption occurring in the retail industry added to productivity growth from the shift to more productive online channels. Yet the growth was accompanied by transition costs, duplicate structures, and drags on footfall in traditional stores.”

We have overbuilt massive amounts of retail stores, food establishments, shopping centers, etc., each of which takes numbers of low-skill workers whether sales go up or down.

That’s something I mentioned every time I posted productivity numbers.

In regards to cars, McKinsey states “If technology and regulatory hurdles are overcome, McKinsey estimates that up to 15 percent of new cars sold in 2030 could be highly autonomous.”

15% by 2030. Is that a joke? Try 85% or higher by 2030.

The study accurately cites demographic trends and “an aging population that has less need for residential and infrastructure investment.”

McKinsey concludes: “There is a lot at stake. A dual focus on demand and digitization could unleash a powerful new trend of rising productivity growth of at least 2 percent a year that drives prosperity across advanced economies for years to come. “

No Puzzle

The study presented numerous charts but there is no puzzle and never was a puzzle.

  • We amassed a mountain of debt and massively overbuilt retail stores, fast food restaurants, and malls, all of which need to employ low-skill workers.
  • The Fed slashed interest rates and companies borrowed money not to invest it, but to buy back their own shares at ludicrous prices.
  • The Fed’s insistence on 2% inflation with a backdrop of debt-deflation and in a technological price-deflationary world explains any alleged weakness in demand.
  • As factory automation increases, the rate of change in terms of the number of employees needed is at a point of diminishing return.

A productivity boom is likely on the way and it will be two-fold.

  1. Autonomous cars and trucks will eliminate millions of truck and taxi driving jobs.
  2. The push for $15 minimum wages will eventually compel stores to automate everything they can to eliminate workers.

When that happens the economists will fret over the lack of jobs.

Mike “Mish” Shedlock

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ahengshp58
ahengshp58
6 years ago
ahengshp58
ahengshp58
6 years ago
Carl_R
Carl_R
6 years ago

Realist, I’m not sure what portion of productivity growth comes from inventions, but obviously some does. There is a strong correlation to age there, as well. Throughout history, virtually all inventions have come from people under the age of 30. In our youth we are creative, and more apt to deviate from the beaten path. That probably also partially explains the big bump in productivity growth when a baby boom hits their mid 20’s, followed by a long, steady decline in productivity growth as they age.

JanNL
JanNL
6 years ago

Available real capital has been misallocated on an ever larger scale over the last decades. Not much progress in real productivity can be expected when that happens.

ReadyKilowatt
ReadyKilowatt
6 years ago

it contains the promise of significant productivity-boosting opportunities, yet the benefits have not materialized at scale.
I think one reason for this is because lower level management can’t deal with data. They were never properly trained on what to do with it, and most supervisors are pretty bad at what they do. Now I’m certain that statement contains a lot of bias because of my current situation, but I’m sure it happens more or less everywhere. We’re all being measured on everything we do, but there’s no context aside from comparison to what was done yesterday, or by our peers, and because supervisors are unwelcome they tend to be overworked.
In my case, my supervisor retired last December. For the last 3 months before that I never heard from him or cared to. But it really didn’t matter if he was around or not because I was being managed by “the system.” I still am today while his replacement (who was just announced last week) gets up to speed, which I imagine will be about 6-8 months. That’s an eternity in today’s world and by then the whole department could be reorganized again. But instead of paying me to do productive work, I instead am paid to sort through massive data dump spreadsheets to find out what I’m supposed to be working on. Then I can work on it, but that usually entails interacting with many different departments and pushing on them to get what I need to complete a task. Sure, it’s all phone and email work but doesn’t seem to be a good use of my hourly wage. A good supervisor would know that and pre-crunch the spreadsheet, run the project, etc. Instead the company seems to think I should be running all that. Again, my anecdotal evidence, but I’ll bet this happens in far more companies than not.

Carl_R
Carl_R
6 years ago

Realist, age has a great deal to do with productivity. At 18, employees are not very productive because they don’t care; they are perfectly happy to lose one job and take another. Once they have a family and kids, they become much better, more productive employees. As they age, however, various ailments slowly cut away their productivity.

Tony_CA
Tony_CA
6 years ago

Todays growth is just a mirage.

Carl_R
Carl_R
6 years ago

The article mentions, but downplays the effect of demographics, yet it is plainly visible on the charts. As the WWII generation returned home from WWII, they were at the most productive age, 25-30, so productivity growth was strong. As they aged, productivity growth diminished, year by year, until they retired about 1980. In the early 1980’s, the baby boom from 1954-64 moved into their peak productive years, and productivity surged again, then the rate of improvement slowed year by year, until now they are approaching retirement. But now the baby boom that peaked in 1991-1995 is just coming into their most productive years, so it’s a given that productivity growth will surge yet again, and then once again go into a slow decline as they age.
It is definitely worth pointing out that the productivity surge has gotten smaller with each succeeding generation, and that it was particularly small with the baby boom generation. There is every reason to expect this trend to continue, and I attribute it to many of the factors Mish mentions above. Therefore I expect an even smaller “surge” of productivity in the 2020’s than we saw in the 1980’s.

Stuki
Stuki
6 years ago

@Realist

The discrepancy between what most people think of as productivity, and what the Fed measures, has gotten really out of whack since the 70s. Before that, asset values couldn’t be pumped up completely out of proportion to the underlying economy (at least not forever, as 1929 demonstrated), since gold still served as some form of (however tenuous towards the end) sanity check.

Pre Fed, Gold did a much better job, as anyone could call a bank’s, or a bubble’s, bluff. But even under post New Deal Bretton Woods, at least there were “some” external constraints preventing full-blown Zimbabwefication. Now there’s really none. The only constraint being the self-imposed one, of ensuring printed-out-of-thin-air money stays mainly within the realm of the already wealthy. As they can be relied on to spend it primarily on “assets.” Rather than having it trickle down to people who may spend it on so called “consumer goods.”

That way, The Fed can maintain the fiction that “inflation is subdued.” While improving GDP, hence what they call “growth,” by way of, as mentioned above, doubling the GDP contribution of a realtor doing exactly the same thing, just by pumping up the price of the house he is doing it to, to twice what it previously was.

None of which means that what is generally considered productivity hasn’t increased since 1971. It has, at least in some areas. While in many others (try buying a handgun in California. Or get a nurse or doctor to put some bandaid on you after a motorcycle spill), it has gone backwards (Of course, per Fed, all the pointless makework involved in doing something that once was simple, increases GDP in proportion to how well paid the people doing the pointless makework is….).

Instead, my main point was that what the Fed is measuring, and everyone seems bent on bloviating about, has very little to do with this folksier, common sense, understanding of “productivity.” The Fed’s version instead serving, as does most government jargon, as simple Newspeak: Feelgood words specifically chosen to allow those of power and privilege to deceive those not.

KnotchoLibre
KnotchoLibre
6 years ago

I don’t agree with your assessment that 85% of the vehicles will be autonomous.
Perhaps 85% of new vehicle sales, but an awful lot of people can’t afford to purchase the new cars today and fewer can afford the simpler options like variable cruise control, which has already been around since 2010 but it’s hardly mainstream.

I think you will find similar adoption rates of anti-lock brakes and other “High Tech” options. Full adaption didn’t really occur until it was mandated by NHSA.

85% Autonomous vehicles, on the road, may not happen for an additional 10-15 years, putting us closer to 2040. Which vehicles lasting closer to 15-20 years before they are off the road, overall adoption will be that much slower. I also have an anecdotal guess that younger drivers will not be seeking the new cars as aggressively as our generations did.

Kinuachdrach
Kinuachdrach
6 years ago

Realist: “… we have gone from 90% of the working age population toiling on farms to 2% today …”. Certainly true that the percentage of the population working directly on the land has dropped dramatically. But how do we account for all those who are indirectly working on the land — the guys who make the tractors; the guys who drill for the oil to run the tractors; the guys who make the steel for the tractors; the guys who mine the iron ore that goes into the tractors; and on & on. Even the bureaucrats who sit in their offices, doing whatever agricultural bureaucrats do. Not to mention the guys who build the offices for the bureaucrats, and the ones who produce the electricity to keep the bureaucrats computer screens lit, etc. Now clearly the human race is much better at producing food today than it was 100 years ago, but I have never seen any quantification of the percent of the population which is involved in today’s food production.

Mish
Mish
6 years ago

Indeed it will

Stuki
Stuki
6 years ago

While “productivity” may sound all warm and fuzzy and goody-two-shoes, all it measures is GDP versus hours worked. With the result that, like all else that uses GDP as a factor, all it really measures is debt growth.

If debt growth is low, “productivity” growth is low. Since far and away the largest contribution to GDP growth post Nixon taking the country full retard, is asset pumping debt growth. Giving the illusion that a realtor is somehow twice as productive doing the exact same thing, just because the Fed has pumped the price of the house he is getting a cut of the sale price from, to twice its previous value.

Virtually all meaningful purchasing power growth, hence demand growth, hence GDP growth; now go to income tied closely to simple asset price appreciation. Whether directly, as is the case for realtor, or indirectly, for NYC high priced prostitutes and other “luxury goods” peddlers. As a result, GDP is largely a measure of asset pumping debt growth. And hence, so is productivity growth.

Whether “self-driving cars,” or any other currently fashionable sci-fi, actually ends up doing something useful in the real world, matters much less to official “productivity” growth numbers, than whether “self-driving technology” can be used as an excuse for further debt growth and asset pumping. A bunch of guys on (more likely “off” these days…) Sand Hill Road, babbling about all the great things they “own the rights to” automate tomorrow; then using their pumped-up-stock derived “net worth,” to borrow a few million apiece to share a one bedroom with a few hundred roaches; is what adds to productivity these days. Not whether any of the automation the guys whose work they supposedly “own the rights to,” actually end up doing anything worth vile in the end.

Stuki
Stuki
6 years ago

The Fed adopted Universal Income in 1971. For the asset owning classes, as well as those in the leeching rackets. Which are, by design, increasingly becoming exactly the same people.

SweetKenny
SweetKenny
6 years ago

I’m also looking forward to automated vehicle car sharing. Why have a vehicle sitting around when you can use an app to “call” an automated vehicle and have it drop you off. As demand increases so will response time and costs will drop. Vehicle ownership will decrease, oil demand will drop as most will be electric or hybrid. We may see a change to public’s transportation with automated vehicles taking that market and also see development of alternative long distance travel as vehicle ownership and demand declines. I’m excited as I think it will be immensely positive all around.

tedr01
tedr01
6 years ago

My post got messed up. I’m sorry.

tedr01
tedr01
6 years ago

declining* every year. This technology is not going to happen in a few years, it is already here. I’m sorry for this post being in two pieces. My mistake.

tedr01
tedr01
6 years ago

In the coal mining business we are already seeing see driving(or operating) heavy equipment for surface mining and also for underground mining. The need for humans to actually operate the equipment is decling

SweetKenny
SweetKenny
6 years ago

I’m looking forward to it to as I’m getting older. The smart money will adopt it earlier rather than later, providing new services to those using automated vehicles.

SweetKenny
SweetKenny
6 years ago

The push for universal income will increase with automation.

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