Please consider Beyond Evergrande, China’s Property Market Faces a $5 Trillion Reckoning.
As China enters what many economists say is the final stage of one of the largest real-estate booms in history, it is confronting a staggering bill: More than $5 trillion in debt that developers took on when times were good, according to economists at Nomura Holdings Inc.
That debt is nearly double what it was at the end of 2016 and is more than the entire economic output of Japan, the world’s third-largest economy, last year.
Asia’s junk-bond markets suffered a wave of selling last week. On Friday, bonds from 24 of the 59 Chinese development companies in an ICE BofA index of Asian corporate dollar bonds were trading at yields of above 20%, levels that indicate high risk of default.
Total sales among China’s 100 largest developers were down by 36% in September from a year earlier, according to data from CRIC, a research unit of property services firm e-House (China) Enterprise Holdings Ltd. It showed that the 10 biggest developers, including China Evergrande, Country Garden Holdings Co. and China Vanke Co. , saw sales down 44% from a year ago.
“There is no return to the previous growth model for China’s real-estate market,” said Houze Song, a research fellow at the Paulson Institute, a Chicago think tank focused on U.S.-China relations. He said China is likely to keep in place a set of limits on corporate borrowing it imposed last year, known as the “three red lines,” which helped trigger the recent distress at some developers, though he said China might ease some other curbs.
Goldman Sachs Group Inc. analysts recently estimated Evergrande had the equivalent of $156 billion of off-balance-sheet debt and contingent liabilities, including mortgage guarantees to help home buyers get loans.
What About Commodities? Australia?
Think of the implications a property bust of this magnitude will have on steel, copper, concrete, and Chinese GDP targets.
China had largely been dependent on Australia for raw commodities,
That tidal wave of Chinese Debt is About to Sink Australia’s Economic Recovery.
Australia’s economic growth continued year after year, with no sign of a recession, and money sloshed around all sectors of the economy until the pandemic hit and almost everything slowed to a crawl. I say almost everything because iron kept being dug up at a rapid pace, along with copper ore and coal, to meet strong demand from the Chinese property sector and railway expansion, which also drove a strong upward trend in prices. In 2020, iron ore alone made up 41 per cent of all exports from Australia by value, at about A$149 billion.
Unfortunately, 2021 has proved to be the year that the merry-go-round stopped and Australia’s mining industry, and indeed its economy, reached a turning point. The era in which China could be trusted to buy an abundance of Australian dirt, and pay good money for it too, has come to an end – and probably for good. Three things have happened recently that dashed hopes that mining would drive the economic recovery.
China’s demand for iron, coal and copper ore and concentrates are now in a very sharp decline as a pending tidal wave of debt threatens to destroy three property developers – Evergrande, Sinic and Fantasia – and signal the end of China’s building boom. China’s infamous ghost cities are now starting to be demolished, releasing large quantities of scrap iron and copper. The Financial Times estimates there is an abundance of idle property that could house 90 million people, though most likely it never will. This inventory of steel and copper will be recycled, as recycling is cheaper and more energy efficient than smelting from ores. This reduces the need for imported Australian coal.
China is in no great rush to buy iron ore. Or copper, aluminium, or lead. And if it was, it would rather not pay hard currency for it. Restocking of new steel supplies is not likely to happen this year, and I have no faith in analyst predictions that iron ore prices will jump again by the end of the year. By the time the scrap is used up, abundant supplies will be available from Central and West Africa.
In 2012, China imported about 70 per cent of all the world’s iron ore transported by sea, or about 680 million metric tons, in addition to its domestic production of about 280 million metric tons. About 60 per cent of the imported ore came from Australia. These days, the estimated total output from fully developed mines in West Africa’s Guinea and the Central African republics of Congo and Cameroon is between 400 million and 600 million tons annually – or almost the entire amount China was importing by sea in 2012.
Given that Cameroon and Congo see 70 percent of their financing requirements covered by the Chinese, new alliances were forged, and the Australians saw their licences revoked and stripped from them. It’s now all over, except for the shouting. Large lawsuits are incoming, seeking damages through international arbitration against the African governments for several Australian and British interests totalling some US$40 billion.
This suggests that the Australian government is going to have to think long and hard about what it can do domestically to replace the significant revenue streams that are disappearing as exports falter.
How Does AUKUS Fit In?
Recall that Australia broke a pact with France and forged a nuclear submarine deal with Australia.
The deal with France was for non-nuclear subs. The deal with the US was for nuclear subs.
Here’s a refresher course. I will fit the pieces of the puzzle together shortly.
France Accuses US and Australia of Stab In the Back Over Submarine Deal
Please recall France Accuses US and Australia of Stab In the Back Over Submarine Deal
This new Aukus deal will be a blow for France. Australia will abandon a $90bn submarine deal with the French Naval Group to acquire American nuclear-powered submarines instead. The French deal, signed in 2016, was in trouble for some time over cost implosion and delays. The blame is not on the French side alone, Australia’s industrial strategy had its share in this debacle too, as explained by the Sydney Morning Herald. Australia only had six submarines and was to get 12 traditional submarines under the French contract. Now they go all nuclear with US submarines to ramp up their presence in the Indo-Pacific.
The US has shared intelligence only with the UK so far. To bring in Australia is a big step that is yet to make its way through Congress. A sale of submarines will take years, but until then the US nuclear submarines could make calls in Australia’s ports to dock and refill or just show presence, writes Politico. Last year the US made a deal with Norway that allows them to dock and refill in the Artic, where the Russians are expanding their military presence. There is some strategic rethinking coming from the Pentagon.
China was not at all pleased with that deal, especially the US sharing nuclear technology and military intelligence with Australia.
Despite a shortage of coal, China suddenly stopped importing Australian coal.
Shortages Everywhere Including Power Outages Caused By a Shortage of Coal
Yesterday I noted Shortages Everywhere Including Power Outages Caused By a Shortage of Coal
Authorities in Inner Mongolia, China’s second largest coal-producing province, have asked 72 mines to boost production by a total of 98.4 million metric tons, according to state-owned Securities Times and the China Securities Journal, citing a document from Inner Mongolia’s Energy Administration. The order, which was approved on Thursday, took effect immediately, the state media outlets said.
The figure is equivalent to about 30% of China’s monthly coal production, according to recent government data. Inner Mongolia’s energy authorities didn’t immediately respond to a request for comment by CNN Business.
Power shortages have spread to 20 provinces in recent weeks, forcing the government to ration electricity during peak hours and some factories to suspend production. These disruptions resulted in a sharp drop in industrial output last month and weighed on the outlook for China’s economy.
The order comes only days after China’s top economic planning agency asked the country’s three biggest coal producing provinces — Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, and Shaanxi — to deliver 145 million metric tons of coal in the fourth quarter, so that the “livelihood use of coal” is not interrupted, according to separate statements by the provincial authorities last week.
Chinese Hard Ball Over AUKUS
China is short of coal. Australia and the US have plenty of coal. China would rather deal with power outages than take Australian coal.
China also reduced lobster imports from Australia.
Given the property bust, China does not need Australian copper or iron ore. And even if it did need raw iron, it would rather get that iron from Africa.
Australia in Recession
Australia avoided many global recessions because of huge demand from China for commodities and also because of Chinese property buying in Australia. Factor in covid lockdowns and look what happens.
On August 27, the Commonwealth Bank of Australia said Australia Already in Recession as Economic Slump Deepens.
Australia is back in recession as Covid-19-related lockdowns continue to cripple activity in key states, with the economy expected to show one of its biggest contractions on record in the third quarter, according to the Commonwealth Bank of Australia.
The big mortgage lender on Friday lowered its expectations for national output in the three months through September, forecasting gross domestic product to fall 4.5% from the previous quarter. A few weeks ago, CBA’s forecast was for the economy to contract 2.75%.
“For all intents and purposes the Australian economy is currently in a manufactured recession as we go through another huge negative shock,” said Gareth Aird, head of Australian economics at CBA.
Covid lockdowns were icing on a recession baked into a commodities bust cake.
Initial Downturn Mild
The OECD notes Australia’s initial downturn was relatively mild.
The next one won’t be for a tidal wave of reasons that go far beyond the likely finger pointing at Covid lockdowns.
Global Headwinds
There’s lots to think about here including commodity demand, global politics, Chinese debt and equities, and trade hardball over Aukus.
A slowdown in China for any reason would have global repercussions even without the above notable headwinds.
This looks ominous.
Thanks For Tuning In!
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