Consumer Price Index Jumps Another 1.3 Percent, Much More Than Than Expected

CPI data from BLS, PCE data from BEA, chart by Mish

Today the BLS released the Consumer Price Index for June and it was a a scorcher. Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) data is from the BEA and lags by a bit.

The CPI is a measure of expenses directly paid by consumers whereas PCE also includes items pain on behalf of consumers, notably health-care including Medicare. 

CPI-Year-Over-Year 

CPI data from BLS, chart by Mish

Year-Over-Year Details

  • The all items index increased 9.1 percent for the 12 months ending June, the largest 12-month increase since the period ending November 1981. 
  • The all items less food and energy index rose 5.9 percent over the last 12 months.
  • The energy index rose 41.6 percent over the last year, the largest 12-month increase since the period ending April 1980. 
  • The food index increased 10.4 percent for the 12-months ending June, the largest 12-month increase since the period ending February 1981.
  • The all items less food and energy index rose 5.9 percent over the last 12 months.

CPI Month-Over-Year 

CPI data from BLS, chart by Mish

Month-Over-Year Details

  • The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) increased 1.3 percent in June on a seasonally adjusted basis after rising 1.0 percent in May.
  • The energy index rose 7.5 percent over the month and contributed nearly half of the all items increase, with the gasoline index rising 11.2 percent.
  • The food index rose 1.0 percent in June, as did the food at home index. 

I exclude energy from the above chart because it would blow the scale.

The BLS release stated “The energy index rose 7.5 percent over the month and contributed nearly half of the all items increase.”

I calculated 64% and confirmed with the BLS just now at 63.8%. 

Energy 

  • The energy index increased 7.5 percent in June after rising 3.9 percent in May.
  • The gasoline index rose 11.2 percent in June after increasing 4.1 percent in May.
  • The index for natural gas rose 8.2 percent in June, the largest monthly increase since October 2005. 
  • The electricity index also increased in June, rising 1.7 percent. 
  • The energy index rose 41.6 percent over the past 12 months. 
  • The gasoline index increased 59.9 percent over the span, the largest 12-month increase in that index since March 1980. 
  • The index for electricity rose 13.7 percent, the largest 12-month increase since the period ending April 2006. 
  • The index for natural gas increased 38.4 percent over the last 12 months, the largest such increase since the period ending October 2005.  

Bloomberg Economist Expectations

  • CPI M/M: 1.1% Expected vs 1.3% Reported
  • CPY Y/Y: 8.8% Expected vs New 40-Year High 9.1% Reported
  • CPI Excluding Food and Energy M/M: 0.5% Expected vs 0.7% Reported
  • CPI Excluding Food and Energy M/M: 5.8% Expected vs 5.9% Reported

It was another clean miss with economists undershooting inflation in every estimate.

Yellen Flashback – No Recession?!

Recession Outlook Update, Where Do Things Currently Stand?

Yellen sees no recession. I suggest we are in one right now. The question is how deep.

For discussion, please see Why I Expect a Minimal Rise in Unemployment This Recession

That’s the good news. Now the bad.

Why Earnings and the Stock Market Will Get Crushed

Here’s the case for an earnings smash accompanied by a continuation of the stock market crash: Artificial Wealth vs GDP: Why Earnings and the Stock Market Will Get Crushed

Housing also rates to get crushed. For discussion, please see Expect Huge Negative Revisions to New Home Sales as Sales Crash and Orders Cancelled

This post originated at MishTalk.Com.

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82 Comments
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Lisa_Hooker
Lisa_Hooker
3 years ago
I guess “A rising tide lifts all boats.”
prumbly
prumbly
3 years ago
Funny how low interest rates didn’t cause inflation for the last 5+ years, but now suddenly they do. Clearly there is something else going on, and just as clearly it’s energy prices – which are high mainly because of absurd green policies. Drop energy prices and you will drop inflation. And to do that, you need to drop those green policies. We will soon see how wedded the Europeans really are to their silly green idealism.
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Reply to  prumbly
I think two things happened. First, the 2020-22 QE was much bigger than the QE after 2008. Second, I think the stimulus money added a lot of velocity to all that excess money creation.
jivefive98
jivefive98
3 years ago
Does a drop/further drop in the stock market also fit into all these institutional investors/hedge funds who borrowed hundreds of billions of dollars to buy up every house, apartment, business and stock available (plus improve college campuses and hospitals along the way) who were promised 0% interest rates for 20+ years and “take your time paying it back” who now have to come up with the cash to pay their whopping 1% interest rates on trillions of “buddy bucks” from friendly insider banks? Where they gonna get the money? Keep selling the S&P 500? …
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Reply to  jivefive98
I don’t know REIT (real estate investment trust) mechanics at all. I wonder.
hmk
hmk
3 years ago
I wonder what the actual CPI would be minus the BS statistical manipulation by the BLS that deliberately understates true inflation.
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Two great recession indicators are an inverted yield curve, and an obscure one: automobile repossessions. Both are flashing red.
MPO45
MPO45
3 years ago
The thing to do right now is figure out how long inflation will last. Yahoo Finance has an interactive chart at the link below that shows periods of high inflation. It’s easy to measure peaks and troughs in the chart and I did so for the past 50 years. Sorry to say that on average, it takes at least 50 months or so to get through periods of high inflation. Ironically, the fed is way behind the curve ball with interest rates to fix this mess assuming the fed could fix it to begin with but that’s another discussion.
of course, everyone is free to believe whatever they want but I prefer to look at hard data and make investment decisions based on the data and not gut feelings or rants.
Lisa_Hooker
Lisa_Hooker
3 years ago
Reply to  MPO45
I limit my facts to pigeon entrails and I Ching coin tosses, no gut feeling crap for me. Over time it seems to work as well as most trading systems, i.e. random.
worleyeoe
worleyeoe
3 years ago
@JackWebb
“I’m just baffled by the idea of a big recession without layoffs. It’ll be a first. We shall see.”
Again, politics aside, having ~2M undocumented immigrants arrive since Biden took office will sustain labor & consumption momentum more than any economist is willing to discuss openly, including Mish, Richter, El-Erain, BoA, JPMC, etc. For obvious reason, this is taboo but the economic implications for the severity of the next recession are very real, especially since there’s no end in sight and our feeble president has 2.5 years to go. It will create upward pressure on rent & food specifically. And, it has the potential to lengthen the time it takes for the labor market to turn south. A reasonable estimate is that we may not see negative job numbers for 9 months.
In addition, the sluggish pace at which a real recession hits our economy will give the 30YFRM time to move back below 5% with an accompanying 5-10% national drop in housing prices. Once this happens with a sideways labor market, home purchases may see a notable, sustained bounce. And the number #1 reason why Mish maybe correct is that the Fed & Congress now manage our economy using Modern Monetary Theory-based approaches, without the tax cuts to control the money supply of course. IMO, the possibility of the Fed & Congress pre-maturely meddling with the economy are far more likely than they grow a pair of Volcker sized nuts.
Again, inflation was 9% when Volcker took over in Aug 1979 & the FFR was 10.49%. Likewise, he had oil sanctions from the Iranian hostage crisis to deal with just like our Ukraine cluster. It’s like a NASCAR race that’s down to two cars and the driver in 2nd place has been lapped 10 times. That’s how far behind the curve JPowell is.
We shall see. Go Badgers!
Mish
Mish
3 years ago

The BLS release stated “The energy index rose 7.5 percent over the month and contributed nearly half of the all items increase.”

I calculated 64% and confirmed with the BLS just now at 63.8%.

They answered the phone with no wait time and had a very fast answer.
vanderlyn
vanderlyn
3 years ago
Reply to  Mish
ha ha ha. i’ve had extremely shocking great service from NYC gov and feds past 2 years. shocks me to no end.
8dots
8dots
3 years ago
No electric trains in Mariupol. Ilan closed his Tesla dealerships in Beirut. If three cold showers are not good enough, how about rolling blackouts to fill the NG tank until Dec.
Mish
Mish
3 years ago
I do not chart energy because it blows the scale and dwarfs everything else.
The month-over-month chart is accurate.
Energy was up 7.5% month over month. If I plotted that nothing else would show.
dbannist
dbannist
3 years ago
Reply to  Mish
That makes sense, thank you.
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Reply to  Mish
50-some years ago, Playboy magazine (remember them?) ranked the universities by partying. At the bottom of their top-10 list was an asterisk and an editor’s note. It said that the U of Wisconsin, my alma mater, wasn’t included because it was so far above the rest that it would not do justice to put it on the list. LOL
Casual_Observer2020
Casual_Observer2020
3 years ago
Expect another 3/4 point hike soon. Something tells me Powell is a student of the Fed chairs that failed in the 70s prior to Volcker. I think the economy is a lot more resilient than we think. Companies slowing down hiring is one thing. I don’t see mass layoffs yet. Slowing down hiring will improve productivity and force companies to stop overpaying for crappy talent that keeps getting pay bumps by jumping jobs. Corporations need to get labor costs in control. The Fed tried to keep the spenders happy but all it got was out of control inflation. This was even before Russia/Ukraine. Now it is time to take the punchbowl away and return to normal rates. If Powell wants to kill this thing he would propose 100 bp hike or even 125 or 150.
Mish
Mish
3 years ago
layoffs not coming – big recession anyway.
Casual_Observer2020
Casual_Observer2020
3 years ago
Reply to  Mish
Not possible to have a big recession without big layoffs IMO.
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Reply to  Mish
I’m just baffled by the idea of a big recession without layoffs. It’ll be a first. We shall see.
Casual_Observer2020
Casual_Observer2020
3 years ago
Reply to  JackWebb
Agree to some extent. We can have a shallow recession without mass layoffs. But a big recession doesn’t seem plausible without mass layoffs going up.
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
I’ve lived through half a dozen recessions of varying depth, and have yet to see a deep one that wasn’t accompanied by a big rise in unemployment. Mish’s take, to the extent that I think I understand it, is that this one will simply dry up the help-wanted signs. Maybe he’s right, but it just doesn’t compute for me.
8dots
8dots
3 years ago
Reply to  Mish
layoffs are not coming, violent strikes might.
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Reply to  8dots
I doubt strikes, but I don’t doubt riots. The antifa pukes need their exercise. LOL
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Fed funds need to be much higher. They’re going to chicken out. They’re going to have to.
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
These are the times when I’m glad to own the house free and clear; to not drive very much at all; to have ~300 lbs of meat in the freezers; to pay 9.63 cents/kWh for electricity; to have pretty much bought everything big a long time ago. Inflation is obviously out there, but we don’t feel it too much.
dbannist
dbannist
3 years ago
Reply to  JackWebb
Same. Paid off home, paid off cars, giant vegetable garden and I heat my home with wood in the winter. Bonus points for cutting the wood myself and saving myself a gym membership.

Gas still hurts though.

JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Reply to  dbannist
When we built our house, I considered a wood boiler. We certainly have the trees. I wound up with an air-sourced heat pump and a backup propane furnace for winter, the reason being that I didn’t want to have to chop wood when I’m in my 80s. I am now having second thoughts.
Lisa_Hooker
Lisa_Hooker
3 years ago
Reply to  JackWebb
These are times when I’m glad I have a new 30-year mortgage at 2.75% and a big pile of cash to invest rather than having it tied up in personal RE. Everything else is paid for.
Jackula
Jackula
3 years ago
No surprise here. This is financially crucifying a lot of folks I know here in LA. Would not be surprised to see another spike in energy even before winter. A cold winter would make things interesting. Obviously energy costs pass thru to a lot of other products and utilities. I expect food to substantially rise into the fall. European central bank is wayyyy behind on inflation.
Mish
Mish
3 years ago
Added a paragraph with 8 bullet points on energy
Post on food coming up
Bam_Man
Bam_Man
3 years ago
The standard of living of the average American is cratering.
“You will own nothing and be happy” is exactly half right.
Casual_Observer2020
Casual_Observer2020
3 years ago
Reply to  Bam_Man
As long as people have a smartphone they seem to be happy. A lot of people will be sitting on their smartphone at home full time very soon. I think if you gave some people a choice, they would rather be homeless and have a smartphone.
Bam_Man
Bam_Man
3 years ago
And Fentanyl is very cheap.
So there is that also.
8dots
8dots
3 years ago
Oil is down in the last 5 weeks. After closing Feb gap it might popup to Mar 7 fractal zone to test the top.
MPO45
MPO45
3 years ago
Reply to  8dots
And I think this will bring inflation down to maybe 7% next month? It’s still be a bad number and likely continue to be a bad number thru 2023. We have too many issues out there. Labor shortages (boomers leaving), unionization happening everywhere, supply chain issues, energy issues.
honestly, I don’t see how Powell fixes any of this with interest rate hikes.
radar
radar
3 years ago
Reply to  MPO45
Boomers may be thinking twice about leaving.
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Reply to  radar
Yesterday, had a short convo in town about the self-entitled younger employees who think they’re worth $20/hr for unskilled labor. “We’ll talk again at this time next year.” She smiled and agreed. LOL
Lisa_Hooker
Lisa_Hooker
3 years ago
Reply to  radar
Yes, there are some countries that are looking very attractive. 😉
worleyeoe
worleyeoe
3 years ago
I called it, 9.1%, on the dot. Woohoo! Give me a medal ; )
What’s the point of looking at PCE for say the next 6-9 months? Energy prices & food aren’t going to fall through the floor. Putin, the Suadi’s & Brandon will make sure of that.
I mean really, people, high energy & food prices are here to stay, until 5% arrives.
MPO45
MPO45
3 years ago
The talking head on CNBC are now asking for 100 basis point hike for the next Fed meeting. We’ll see if the fed listens but clearly 9.1 is red hot scorcher. Let’s do some math.
On a 100k salary that’s a loss of $9100 in purchasing power.
On a 200k salary that’s a loss of $18,200 in purchasing power.
On a 300k salary that’s a loss of $27,300 in purchasing power.
It’s easy to see the trend. I honestly don’t know how people are getting by that don’t have at least 400k+ in income. It must be a world of hurt out there but it’s no surprise to me. A prudent investor would have positioned themselves with dividend value stocks, rental properties and other investments to offset the inflation. Gold not working out so well in my portfolio though and that makes me sad.
MPO45
MPO45
3 years ago
Reply to  MPO45
Social security people may get 10.5% CPI adjustment. I am guessing i-bonds will go thru the roof too.
worleyeoe
worleyeoe
3 years ago
Reply to  MPO45
As far as I know, these cola adjustments directly affect the bend-curve (90%, 32%, 15%) which, unless there’s a cataclysmic event (aka WW3), everyone who retires in the future is now getting MO money. SWEET!!!
Lisa_Hooker
Lisa_Hooker
3 years ago
Reply to  worleyeoe
No worries. The Government will simply print whatever amount they promised.
davidyjack
davidyjack
3 years ago
Reply to  MPO45
“I honestly don’t know how people are getting by that don’t have at least 400k+ in income.”
This statement is an an elitist statement. It is out of touch with middle class and even upper middle class Americans.
MPO45
MPO45
3 years ago
Reply to  davidyjack
Out of touch? Who said I was “in touch” with every single type of person out there? What’s your point? Should I quit my high paying job, sell my investments, give my money away and join the bottom rung of the American populace? Would that make YOU happy?
I am hear to read Mish’s economic reports, analyze the information, make prudent investment decisions and hopefully get richer doing it. Occasionally, I will share my wisdom but feel free to hit the IGNORE button on my handle and you won’t see my comments ever again.
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Reply to  MPO45
Elitist? Nah. Amusing? Oh yeah. LOL
Lisa_Hooker
Lisa_Hooker
3 years ago
Reply to  MPO45
Yes you parsimonious miser! Give everything away. I suggest wearing a sackcloth, with ashes added. Get a sign on a stick that reads “The End is Nigh!” on both sides. … Or, maybe not. Ignore? Not a chance.
TexasTim65
TexasTim65
3 years ago
Reply to  MPO45
Many items on the index aren’t bought frequently (cars, appliances) enough to show up to the average person.
Also some substitution is possible on others (for example you can eat Chicken or Pork instead of Beef) or buy name brand clothes at discounters like TJMaxx/Ross instead of Nordstroms/Saks etc.
Most average Americans are doing this including my family. The one place you can’t substitute is energy whether it’s gas for cars, electric/gas to heat your homes etc. That’s why the price at the pump is the barometer that decides whether you remain in political power. It will take another year or two for these prices on lesser bought items (cars, appliances etc) to really affect Americans purchasing power. By then, some will manage to buy cheap due to bankruptcy of others who had the misfortune to need those infrequent things this year.
MPO45
MPO45
3 years ago
Reply to  TexasTim65
“(for example you can eat Chicken or Pork instead of Beef)”
Every time I go to the grocery store the costs of all products seems higher, I don’t know how well “substitution” works when all food prices are going up but ultimately it means poorer nutrition as people sub healthy fresh foods for processed foods. Wonder when that will show up as a healthcare cost increase down the line.
TexasTim65
TexasTim65
3 years ago
Reply to  MPO45
Lots of fresh veggies and fruits at farmers markets especially here in Florida and very reasonably priced.
Some grocery stores still cost a lot but others often have sales if you are willing to look at multiple ads (or lucky enough to live where there are multiple grocery stores close by). For July 4th my local Publix had bone in Ribeye for 7.99 a lb (regularly 15.99 a lb) for example so we had some nice steaks for the holiday. I often find chicken and pork on sale too for 2/lb range.
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Reply to  TexasTim65
Stores always run sales.
dbannist
dbannist
3 years ago
I must be missing something on that CPI chart.How can “all items” be higher than anything else on the chart? That seems mathematically impossible since to get to that level there would have to be something higher than it to average out.

For instance, if I have 5 things to average, 1.2, 1.5, 1.3, 1.6, 1.2, and my average comes to 1.8, something is off as the average cannot be higher than the highest number.

The CPI chart shows 1.0, 1.1, 1.0, .7 and .6 with “all items” at 1.3. I do not know how they are weighted, but even if the 1.1 was weighted at 99.9 percent that can’t raise the “all items” level to 1.3. Something is off or I’m missing something.

JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Reply to  dbannist
Food +10%, energy +40%
dbannist
dbannist
3 years ago
Reply to  JackWebb
The chart doesn’t show that though. It shows food up just 1.1 percent on the month and has no entry for energy at all. If the chart includes energy I’d expect the all items category to reflect that.

And if the large increase in energy costs is the reason for the bump up to 1.3, which I do not doubt, then the next CPI chart is going to look much better as energy costs have fallen quite rapidly (at least the last 2 weeks.).

I do believe this is the highest CPI chart we will see for a bit and the recession will keep a lid on energy prices for the USA, but not for Europe.

JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Reply to  dbannist
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Reply to  JackWebb
Gasoline is 3.7% of the index.
Household energy is 3.5% of the index.
HOWEVER … gasoline gets everyone’s attention. I have referred to the price billboards at gas stations as 500,000 Republican advertisements in every town, city, and highway. 1/27th of the index, but in most eyes the most important barometer, which is why Biden will be begging Saudi Arabia.
JRM
JRM
3 years ago
Reply to  JackWebb
Use energy to produce!!!
Use energy to transport!!!
Seems a lot of so called experts are living in a fantasy world!!!
Maximus_Minimus
Maximus_Minimus
3 years ago
Reply to  dbannist
What does it matter how an obviously fake number is cooked?
The main thing is, they believe their bs.
Wall Street loves it, because whatever these fake indicators represent, they expect more or less free money.
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Oh God, not this again.
Maximus_Minimus
Maximus_Minimus
3 years ago
Reply to  JackWebb
Oh, no. You probably haven’t been looking to buy a property lately. Of course, if you believe real estate is investment, you can buy these numbers.
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Irrelevant.
Mish
Mish
3 years ago
Reply to  dbannist
I do not chart energy because it blows the scale and dwarfs everything else.
The chart is accurate.
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Reply to  Mish
Yes, if you included energy you’d render everything else an indecipherable blob. Hard enough to deal with multiple colors without them also being smashed together.
TheCaptain
TheCaptain
3 years ago
Much more than expected but much less than it actually is.
MPO45
MPO45
3 years ago
Reply to  TheCaptain
According to shadowstats, inflation is about 13% based on the old CPI calculations.
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Reply to  MPO45
“Your PHP installation appears to be missing the MySQL which is required for WordPress.”

WTF?

MPO45
MPO45
3 years ago
Reply to  JackWebb
Not sure where you are getting that error, might be a problem with your browser? I see the charts fine.
KidHorn
KidHorn
3 years ago
Reply to  MPO45
Pretty sure that’s a server side error.
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Reply to  MPO45
The error is irritating, but I want to strangle the god damn evil, worthless California pencil-necked techno geek who wrote that non-explanation.
Carl_R
Carl_R
3 years ago
Reply to  MPO45
Since I will be on Social Security before long, I think we should go back to the old CPI, which was far higher than the real inflation. I’d love to have my standard of living double every 10-15 years as happened to people on Social Security in the 60’s, 70’s, and 80’s.
TexasTim65
TexasTim65
3 years ago
Reply to  Carl_R
That’s one of the reasons it’s insolvent now. If anything we need to be means testing and cutting back.
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Reply to  TexasTim65
SS is already means tested through taxation.
Lisa_Hooker
Lisa_Hooker
3 years ago
Reply to  TexasTim65
Remove the cap on FICA contributions and lower the percentages. The rich can afford it or hide it.
worleyeoe
worleyeoe
3 years ago
Reply to  MPO45
Wolf Richter hates this site. I think it’s spot on. When you go read the 9/9/2021 release on WH.gov with some links to old BLS articles talking about the raging debate to start treating owner occupied housing as rent / OER, it reads like a morass of mumbo jumbo. The 1983 change that did away with housing prices, mortgage, property taxes, home maintenance, etc. was done to slow the future COLA increases. Under reporting real inflation by 25-33% is a big deal over the long-run, when it comes to SSL costs.
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Reply to  worleyeoe
I ditched Richter. He has these high-minded rules about civility, and ignores them himself.

One of these days, I might dive into the deep end of the pool on housing inflation calculation, old and new. They might’ve done it wrong back then for all I know.

worleyeoe
worleyeoe
3 years ago
Reply to  JackWebb
I agree about Wolf. He’s a little on the arrogant side.
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Reply to  worleyeoe
As far as I’m concerned, they aren’t principles if you don’t apply them to yourself. Past that, I wasn’t getting anything there that I don’t find here and elsewhere.
Maximus_Minimus
Maximus_Minimus
3 years ago
Reply to  worleyeoe
Under reporting inflation also shows the economy is growing nicely.
Don’t know what shadowstats does, but now that you mention the 1983 change, it might be spot on.
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
To me, the biggest value of the stats is comparability. The methodology change did not affect the contour of the charts. It adjusted the entire curve downward but did not change its shape. About 35 years ago, I did a very deep dive into gov’t economic stats. I focused on the measurement of productivity, which has big implications for the measurement of inflation.
At the time, I was in business school (Wharton), and complained to a classmate who was a corporate economist. Also turned out to have a thing for underage boys and was arrested for it. Hey, economists are a breed apart. This is what too many numbers will do. LOL. Anyway, he made a point that I’ve never forgotten: As long as the errors are consistent over time, don’t kill yourself worrying about precision. It wasn’t an absolute statement on his part, but it was a very solid point.
Prices of goods are adjusted for quality when calulating inflation and productivity. For example, if cars are shipped with air conditioners, part of the price increase has to be discounted for increased quality. Same for computers, whose performance and capabilities have gone through the roof in the last 40 years. I’m not sure what the formula is for electronics, and I think it’s a good deal more challenging than for other durable goods.
When it comes to services, adjustment for quality is really tough. For example, how do you account for bank ATMs, which are certainly a quality improvement. When I was looking at it, all price changes in services were passed through in raw form with no quality adjustments. The U.S. economy has relentlessly shifted from manufacturing to services, so productivity (output per hour worked) was understated when stated in real terms, and the result was also overstatement of inflation, with implications for interest rates and monetary policy.
These are genuine conceptual issues. They are hard to analyze, and harder to adjust. It’s deep nerd territory, and quite important. By the way, my work attracted attention and praise at the St. Louis Fed, which I have always considered to be at the top of the heap in the Federal Reserve system, including at the Fed HQ in Washington. I’m retired now, but that was one of the highlights of that career. Not that I could explain why to “civilians,” whose eyes would glaze over.
I don’t think anyone has manipulated the gov’t numbers for political or financial motives. This doesn’t mean that I think the numbers are correct, but it means that I think any errors are honest errors, and often are rooted in legitimate conceptual issues.
worleyeoe
worleyeoe
3 years ago
Reply to  JackWebb
I would imagine that the smartest guys in the room were sounding alarm bells out the wazoo from 1979 – 1982. In the late 70’s America was very far from energy independent, so the smart guys realized that the price of oil was something they couldn’t easily manipulate in CPI. Notice in the following chart that starting in 1977 and through 1981, the median price of housing start to double:
I cannot imagine that ditching price-based determination for owner surveys in any way increased the accuracy of the housing component of CPI. There’s just no way. And here’s the real point. If shadow stats is correctly applying the pre-1983 methods, it’s not causing CPI to double or anything radical. But, home prices in many parts of the country over the last two years have grown 5x or more over the historical average. Is anyone surprised that this 500% increase in housing component’s 31% weighting shows about a 30% under reporting of real inflation?
I don’t. It makes complete sense. And that’s big money when it comes to establishing the annual COLA increase.
JackWebb
JackWebb
3 years ago
Reply to  worleyeoe
I truly don’t know enough to agree or disagree. It’s not something I’ve looked at in detail. Off the top of my head (that’s all it is, i.e. a guess), I think it’d be problematic to use home selling prices directly. For starters, there’s nothing like the same turnover in houses as there is in just about everything else people buy. If house prices go up, it’s on the margin and it doesn’t change the price of houses not bought or sold in any given period, which is the overwhelming majority. And there’s the comparability issue; other goods and services are far more standardized, so price changes are easier to track and apply an inflation factor.
But what I just wrote are hypotheses that I have to test if I decide to jump into the pool. One thing seems pretty clear, and that’s that there’s a major disconnect at play between the margin and the rest. I think rents are easier to track directly because turnover is higher. Rents adjust every year, and apartments are more standardized than houses. You can see that there are genuine conceptual issues here. It could well be that the earlier housing component overstated inflation. Again: I’m not saying that it did, but only that it’s not a simple issue like, say, gasoline or food at the grocery store.

Passenger vehicle prices might present a challenge too, given that the average holding period for a vehicle is even longer than it is for a house, and yearly sales (the margin) is dwarfed by the rolling stock bought in the past. That said, vehicles are a far more standard item and easier to analyze directly.

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